STM32F103R6 DHT-11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor with LCD Example

The DHT-11 is a temperature and humidity sensor that use only one bidirectional serial data pin. The converted temperature is between 0 and 50 degree Celsius. Its working humidity is between 20 and 90 RH.

Program Simulation in Proteus

The sensor data is very easy to decode using only ones microprocessor digital pin. I don't show the details of serial data transmission here. You can see the post that use a PIC1F84A to decode the signal. 

DHT-11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor

We can get this sensor at local electronics parts store around 1USD. In this example, I use the STM32F103R6 to read environmental data from this sensor. The temperature and humidity will show on a 20x4 character LCD.

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "lcd4bits.h"
 
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
 
void delay_us(uint8_t dTime){
	for(uint8_t i=0;i<dTime;i++) asm("nop");
}
 
 
uint8_t *readDHT11(void){
	uint8_t *dht11;
	for(uint8_t i=0;i<5;i++) dht11[i]=0;
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,DQ_Pin,GPIO_PIN_SET);
	HAL_Delay(10);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,DQ_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
	HAL_Delay(18);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,DQ_Pin,GPIO_PIN_SET);
	delay_us(45);
 
	while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,DQ_Pin)==GPIO_PIN_RESET);
	delay_us(10);
	while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,DQ_Pin)==GPIO_PIN_SET);
	delay_us(10);
 
	for(uint8_t i=0;i<5;i++){
		for(uint8_t j=0;j<8;j++){
			delay_us(5);
			while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,DQ_Pin)==GPIO_PIN_RESET);
			delay_us(65);
			if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,DQ_Pin)==GPIO_PIN_SET) {
				while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,DQ_Pin)==GPIO_PIN_SET);
				dht11[i]|=(1<<7-j);
			}
		}
		delay_us(5);
	}
	delay_us(10);
	/*Check Sum Checking dht11[4] is checksum byte*/
	//uint8_t checksum=dht11[0]+dht11[1]+dht11[2]+dht11[3];
	uint8_t checksum=0;
	for(uint8_t i=0;i<4;i++) checksum+=dht11[i];
	if(checksum!=dht11[4]){
		for(uint8_t i=0;i<5;i++) dht11[i]=0;
		return;
	}
	return dht11;
}
 
/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
 
  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();
 
  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();
 
  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  lcdInit();
  lcdClear();
 
  lcdXY(1,1);
  lcdStr("STM32F103R6 DHT11");
  uint8_t *temp,*dht11;
  uint8_t seconds=0,minutes=0,hours=0;
  uint16_t days=0;;
  HAL_Delay(1500);
  lcdClear();
  HAL_Delay(5);
  //lcdXY(5,1);
  //lcdStr("Sensor Data:");
  lcdXY(1,2);
  lcdStr("Humidity    : ");
  lcdXY(1,3);
  lcdStr("Temperature : ");
  lcdXY(1,4);
  lcdStr("Checsum(DEC): ");
  lcdCmd(0x0C);
  HAL_Delay(5);
 
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
	  dht11=readDHT11();
 
	  seconds++;
	  if(seconds>=60) {minutes++;seconds=0;}
	  if(minutes>=60) {hours++; minutes=0;}
	  if(hours>=24) {days++; hours=0;}
	  sprintf(temp,"%d Days %d:%d:%d ",days,hours,minutes,seconds%60);
	  lcdXY(1,1);
	  lcdStr(temp);
 
	  sprintf(temp,"%d RH ",dht11[0]);
	  lcdXY(15,2);
	  lcdStr(temp);
 
	  sprintf(temp,"%d %cC ",dht11[2],223);
	  lcdXY(15,3);
	  lcdStr(temp);
 
	  sprintf(temp,"%d ",dht11[4]);
	  lcdXY(15,4);
	  lcdStr(temp);
 
	  HAL_Delay(700);
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}
 
/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
 
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL8;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
 
  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}
 
/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
 
  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
 
  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3
                          |GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
 
  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(DQ_GPIO_Port, DQ_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
 
  /*Configure GPIO pins : PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3
                           PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3
                          |GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);
 
  /*Configure GPIO pin : DQ_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = DQ_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(DQ_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
 
}
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
 
/* USER CODE END 4 */
 
/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
 
#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
 
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
 

Click here to download its source file.

STM32F103R6 ADC1 LM35 LCD Example

Overview

LM35 is an analog temperature to voltage converter. Its analog voltage output is linear with the environment temperature. Without a microprocessor's ADC module we can calculate manually using an AVM or a DVM, and self calculation.

Program Simulation In Proteus

For some electronics hobbyist project without micro-controller, an ICL7107 analog to BCD 7-segment display output is applied. We can use LM35 as an analog input with an adjustment to a correct temperature value.

Features and Applications

A small micro-controller with an internal ADC such as PIC16F818, or even an Arduino can easily read and interpret temperature value in degree Celsius.

Device Information

This temperature sensor typically need a DC power supply between +4 and +20V. A +5VDC stable power supply is common with most of TTL type 8-bit micro-controllers.

STM32F103R6 Programming with STM32CubeIDE

An STM32F103R6 is among the STM32 ARM Cortex M3 micro-controller family with low power consumption and low cost. This device operates in 3.3VDC mode. Some of I/O pin tolerates with a +5VDC input voltage.

LM35 and character LCD requires a stable +5VDC power source to operate. This source can be driven from a USB power bus, or an additional voltage regulator. However the STM32F103R6 must supplied from a +3.3V only power source.

In this example, the STM32F103R6 continuously read the analog temperature value from the sensor. It will be display on a 16x2 HD44780 character LCD in degree Celsius.

I configure its I/O pins as follow.

Pinout and Configuration

 I select the ADC1 module with preferred configurations.

ADC1 Configurations

System Core configuration is optional. We will need to generate source code to get a C system configuration in its main.c file.

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
 
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
 
/* USER CODE END PV */
 
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
 
/* USER CODE END PFP */
 
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
 
/* USER CODE END 0 */
 
/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 1 */
 
  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
 
  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
 
  /* USER CODE END Init */
 
  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
 
  /* USER CODE END SysInit */
 
  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_ADC1_Init();
 
  HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
 
  uint16_t adcValue;
  char text[8];
  float temperature;
 
  lcdInit();
  lcdStr("STM32F103R6 ADC1");
  lcdXY(1,2);
  lcdStr("LM35 LCD Example");
  HAL_Delay(1500);
  lcdCmd(0x0C);
  lcdClear();
  lcdStr("LM35 Temperature");
 
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
	  HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1,HAL_MAX_DELAY);
	  adcValue = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
	  temperature = adcValue*3.3/4095;
	  temperature = temperature * 100;
	  sprintf(text,"%5.2f%cC",temperature,223);
	  lcdXY(5,2); lcdStr(text);
	  HAL_Delay(1000);
 
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}
 
/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};
 
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
 
  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_ADC;
  PeriphClkInit.AdcClockSelection = RCC_ADCPCLK2_DIV2;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}
 
/**
  * @brief ADC1 Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 0 */
 
  /* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 0 */
 
  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 1 */
 
  /* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 1 */
  /** Common config
  */
  hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
  hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
  hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
  hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure Regular Channel
  */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_8;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_239CYCLES_5;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 2 */
 
  /* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 2 */
 
}
 
/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
 
  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
 
  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5
                          |GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
 
  /*Configure GPIO pins : PA0 PA1 PA4 PA5
                           PA6 PA7 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5
                          |GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
 
}
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
 
/* USER CODE END 4 */
 
/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
 
#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
 
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
 

The lcd.h and lcd.c file are already created. We just add and include them in project folder and C source file. 

Click here to download its source file.